Perinatal health is a multidisciplinary research field and public health concept focused on optimizing the health and well-being of mothers and infants during the period surrounding birth. This field systematically investigates biological, social, environmental, and healthcare factors influencing maternal health throughout pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period, as well as infant health from the fetal stage through the neonatal period. Key characteristics include an integrated focus on the mother-infant dyad, the identification of risk factors and protective factors, and the development and evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. Its significance lies in improving immediate and long-term health outcomes for women and children, contributing to population health and sustainable development goals.